NFKB1 and squamous cell carcinoma: Similarly, another study conducted in the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC-25 and primary human gingival keratinocytes revealed that, in both cells, P. gingivalis and its membrane fraction regulated some genes involved in the downstream signaling pathway of the proinflammatory active transcription factor NF-κB and some members of the MAPK family such as MAPK14 (p38), MAPK8 (JNK1), and NFKB1(p50), which participated in cancer proliferation and control [24].