Kawabata et al6 compared the efficacy of AP ablation alone and additional AF ablation on accompanying AF and found that adding PVI did not improve the freedom from residual AF compared with AP ablation alone in all patients with WPW syndrome and AF; however, adding PVI significantly reduced AF recurrence in a subgroup of patients with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations >40 pg/mL. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and atrial fibrillation.