APOE and cardiomyopathy: We noted in that study that ApoE-/- mice on a WD exposed to nicotine e-cigarettes (2.4% nicotine) had decreased LV%FS, LVEF, and VCF coupled with LV ultrastructural abnormalities indicative of cardiomyopathy [36, 37] in comparison with e-cigarette (0% nicotine) or saline-aerosol exposed mice.