TNF and COVID-19: In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of inflammatory cytokines is becoming more apparent with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, IL-33, TNF-α, CRP, and MCP1 (known as the “cytokine storm”) observed in patients with severe COVID-19 [94].