Furthermore, the related zinc-finger transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos positively correlate with Bcl6 expression in Tfh cells during Th1 polarization and in response to Listeria monocytogenes infection.91 Mechanistically, these factors act together with STAT3 to form a transcriptional complex at the Bcl6 promoter that initiates conformational changes in chromatin structure and results in gene activation.91 In addition, IL-6 signaling also activates STAT1 in CD4+ T cells. Here, BCL6 is linked to listeriosis.