IDH1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Based on the 2016 WHO classification of tumours in the central nervous system, gliomas were divided into five molecular groups for further evaluation, which included lower-grade glioma (LGG)-oligodendroglioma (LGG-Oligo, IDH-mutant LGG with TERT promoter mutation or 1p/19q codeletion), LGG-astrocytoma (LGG-Astro, IDH-mutant LGGG without TERT promoter mutation or 1p/19q codeletion with ATRX mutation), LGG with wild-type IDH status (LGG IDH-wildtype), glioblastoma (GBM) with mutant IDH status (GBM-IDHmut), and GBM with wild-type IDH status (GBM-IDHwt).