MARK2 and Parkinson disease: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) (mTOR) (p = 0.02) and Hexokinase 2 (Hk2) (p = 0.02) genes were significantly downregulated in DJ-1−/− mice, which are also involved in PD pathology in patients and animal models64,73,74 (Fig. 6e).