MAPK8 and brain ischemia: Several studies in vitro, as well as in vivo, proved that JNK inhibitions with D-JNKI1 can offer an intriguing strategy against brain diseases, including excitotoxicity and cerebral ischemia [63], neuropathic pain [138], AD [139,140], SMA [141], deafness [142,143], ocular inflammation [144], liver injury [145], spinal cord injury [146] and traumatic brain injury [147,148].