There are many typical and classic markers in CCA, including KRAS, TP53, PROM1, CTGF, VIM, DKK1, SOX2, SOX17, MUC1, PTEN, PTPN14, c-Met, EGFR, VEGR, CD44 and CDH1 [62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72], but this review specifically focuses on novel evidence from the past five years. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and cholangiocarcinoma.