CSC traits are controlled by various pluripotent transcription factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Klf4, and c-myc, and their upstream signal transduction pathways, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, Ras/MAPK, Jak/Stat, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, as well as the characteristics of the complex microenvironment surrounding the tumor, including conditions of hypoxia, stromal cells, growth factors, and the extracellular matrix [6,11,12,97]. This evidence concerns the gene MYC and neoplasm.