However, as demonstrated, radiotherapy may be a double‐edged sword; not only does it induce activation and infiltration of T cells to the tumor bed, but it can also trigger migration of immunosuppressive cells (e.g. MDSCs, M2 macrophage, Tregs) into the tumor and upregulate inhibitory ligands and receptors (PD‐L1, CTLA‐4, TIM‐3). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.