Interestingly, we found that the relative effect-size for immune response and endocytosis excluding APOE variants was significantly higher than that including APOE variants (p < 2.1 × 10−197 and p < 8.9 × 10−180, respectively), suggesting a larger effect on resilience against AD compared to AD-risk for these pathways, specifically when excluding APOE variants (Fig. 3b). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.