Eight PSG mutants had chronic cystitis defects (ompC, nepI [previously yicM {57}], recC, entF, cutE, yjbN, mdtC [previously yegO {58}], and argI), with all being dramatically outcompeted by the wild type, with median log10(CI) (competitive index) values below −4 at 28 dpi (indicating that there are >10,000 times more wild-type than mutant bacteria) (Fig. 2A). Here, PSG5 is linked to chronic cystitis.