Thus, our finding that the regulation of CCR5 expression by IL-1β is at least in part triggered by p53-modulated microRNAs reinforces the notion that p53 plays a key role in integrating environmental signals and, more specifically, an inflammatory signal triggered by IL-1β and highlights how the resulting p53-modulated response impacts the permissiveness of macrophages to HIV-1 infection. This evidence concerns the gene CCR5 and HIV-1 infection.