B3GAT1 and Lyme disease: These biomarkers include quantitative immune alterations; patients with PTLDS present with elevated levels of the T-cell chemokine CCL19 compared to patients with acute Lyme disease who have returned to health (15), an increase in the cytokine IL-23 (16), a decrease in the CD57 lymphocyte subset (17, 18), and a decreased plasmablast response prior to treatment (13).