NAFLD is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state, which may at least in part be linked to the increased systemic inflammation (plasma IL-10, IL-12, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) seen in AD males and exacerbated by HF diet in this group, mimicking trends of increased leukocyte accumulation in the liver. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.