The interactions of not consuming any Chinese cabbage or livers with p16 or p53 methylation was significantly associated with an increased risk of EPL or ESCC (p for interaction < 0.05), whereas the association between p16 or p53 methylation and EPL or ESCC risk was not statistically significant for those that consumed Chinese cabbage or livers once per week or more (p for interaction > 0.05). The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.