CDKN2A and folate deficiency: A previous study induced folate deficiency in weanling, young and adult male Wistar rat groups, and the results indicated that folate deficiency with older age commences toward the upregulation of proto-oncogenes (e.g., DNMT3a, DNMT3b, DNMT1 and MBD) and downregulation of tumor suppressor genes (e.g., p53, p16, and p15) at the transcriptional level.