In chronic kidney disease, miR-486-5p inhibits the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 by downregulation of PTEN phosphatase, a negative regulator of Akt. FOXO1 appears to be the predominant mediator of muscle wasting in chronic nephropathy, accelerated by stimulating the ubiquitin proteasome system through activation, e.g., E3 ligases [76]. The gene discussed is FOXO1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.