In a preclinical study, intratumoral or intravenous administration of VSV-IFNβ resulted in growth delay of SCC and improved survival compared with controls [64], and the anti-tumor function for VSV-IFNβ significantly increased when combined with ICIs in CT26 colon cancer and B16-F10 melanoma mouse models [65]. The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is neoplasm.