TNF and Alzheimer disease: Outcomes should include measures representative of the different pathways of the proposed mediation model, including cognitive function (i.e., cognitive testing, diagnosis of MCI, AD, VaD), indicators of brain health (e.g., BDNF, brain volume), indicators of disease [e.g., BMI, glucose, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)], and gut microbiome composition (i.e., DNA sequencing for amounts/proportions of gut microbiota).