GSN and myelodysplastic syndrome: In contrast, GSN mRNA expression in MDS with excess blasts-2 (MDS-EB-2 that is defined by myeloblasts of 10–19% in BM and regarded as a more advanced, pre-leukemic state; 3 cases) showed a significantly increased mean level of 2.85-fold when compared to that in healthy donors, as well as in other MDS cases, except MDS-EB-2 (Figure 4C).