BIRC5 has been shown to be an important antigen in a number of haematological malignancies including adult AML [25], and other investigators have also shown that in adults with AML, BIRC5 levels are higher in bone marrow than paired peripheral blood samples and higher in CD34+CD38− AML blasts than in bulk blasts or total CD34+ cells. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.