SOX genes have been shown to be able to act as both oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in solid tumours (reviewed recently in [45]) and may also be involved in key pathogenetic pathways in AML involving CEBPA mutations, activation of β-catenin/Wnt and Hedgehog pathways and aberrant TP53 signals. This evidence concerns the gene CEBPA and acute myeloid leukemia.