Our results of favorable effect on nebivolol on insulin sensitivity in HF patients can be explained by Manrique and colleagues [21]; they conducted an experimental study on insulin resistance Sprague-Dawley rat model treated with nebivolol for 3 weeks; they assessed HOMA-IR index as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity (NADPH is an insulin metabolic signaling in skeletal muscle) before and after nebivolol treatment. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.