This suggests that copy number amplification of WWTR1 may constitute to a functional oncogenic role of WWTR1 in OSCC, instead of being a passenger gene that is co-amplified with the canonical HNSCC oncogene, PIK3CA. Notably, we also observed an enrichment of PIK3CA mutations (p=0.0003) among cell lines that are neither dependent on YAP1 or WWTR1, whereby five out of six such lines have PIK3CA hotspot mutations (BICR10, HSC-2, HSC-4, ORL-115, and ORL-150) (Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene WWTR1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.