TLR4 and colitis: Furthermore, Luo and colleagues provided evidence that baicalin attenuated colitis induced by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) via inhibiting the toll like receptor-4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) signaling cascade and inactivating the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome [14].