Among 16 different SNPs in genes encoding components of TGFβ pathway, i.e., TGFβ1, TGFβR1/2 and betaglycan, significantly changed frequency of rs1805110 polymorphic site was found to be associated with incidence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (T allele, OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.09–1.63; p = 0.005) for male Chinese patients of Han ethnicity. The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.