TNF and COVID-19: In support of the hypothesis on the CRS role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, it was shown that patients with severe forms of the disease manifested higher levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-γ), GCSF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) in plasma compared to patients with mild COVID-19 [45].