Kazmierski et al. showed an elevation of IL-2 and TNF-α levels in the postoperative period in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients with delirium, and these results were independent of patient-related factors like age and gender, as well as their psychiatric and physical state and co-morbidities or perioperative factors like CPB time or duration of surgery [99]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is delirium.