Some of these genes may be involved in the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells; for example, NYAP2 is reported to activate PI3K, Akt and Rac1, and mediates remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton [44], whereas ZNF277 regulates cell migration and invasion through phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [45]. This evidence concerns the gene ZNF277 and neoplasm.