Similar to our previously reported findings, the overall levels of RAGE expression were higher in the patients with T1D (in CD4+ cells 7.5±1.65% in T1D vs 5.0±0.95% in healthy controls; in CD8+ cells, 10.4±2.92% vs 5.77±0.93%, Fig 1A), but the levels were similar after the cells had been cultured in IL-2 prior to the phospho-flow studes. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.