Therefore, ICIs can be considered safe for patients with IPF,40 while the combination of pirfenidone and ICIs may be used without IPF progression because the combination variably blocks TGF‐β and the crosstalk between CD4+ T lymphocytes and fibroblasts through the PD‐1/PD‐L1 checkpoint. Here, CD4 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.