MAPK3 and ischemic stroke: Consistently, blocking ERK1/2 activation using U0126 can block focal ischemic stroke-evoked brain injury (Namura et al., 2001; Z. Q. Wang et al., 2004) and reduced pERK1/2 expression is associated with neuroprotective effect of isoflurane preconditioning against MCAO in the rat (Zhao et al., 2019).