NFE2L2 and urinary bladder carcinoma: Other studies of 5637 and T24 human bladder cancer cells showed that treatment with SFN induces mitochondrial caspase dependent apoptosis due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress with activation of Nrf2 (nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling pathway (121, 122).