Another study found that polymorphisms in genes involved in the regulation of the NFκB pathway (TLR2, TLR4, and NFKBIA), the TNF-α signaling pathway (TNFRSF1A), and other cytokine pathways (NLRP3, IL1RN, IL18, and JAK2) were associated with primary response to anti-TNF therapy in IBD patients (98). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.