Noteworthy, decreased serum leptin was observed in AMD patients in a case-control study and leptin was hypothesized to have a neuroprotective function and to lower the risk of AMD by removing extracellular β-amyloid in drusen deposits, decreasing triglyceride fatty acid synthesis and downregulating genes such as lipogenic enzyme, oxidative stress and inflammation related genes (Seshasai et al., 2015; Wauman et al., 2017). Here, LEP is linked to age-related macular degeneration.