GPNMB and late-onset Parkinson disease: However, further analysis based on genders showed that GPNMB rs156429 might have a trend for being associated with cognitive dysfunction (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), p = 0.064 after correction; MoCA, p = 0.064 after correction) and pain symptoms (p = 0.063 after correction, overdominant model after adjustment) in female PD patients but not male patients.