GPNMB was identified as one of the newly found risk loci of PD in a two-stage meta-analysis study, and SNP rs156429 was considered to be the most relevant candidate for PD [International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) and Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2), 2011]. This evidence concerns the gene GPNMB and late-onset Parkinson disease.