In in vitro conditions, LPS-challenged pulmonary type II epithelial cells have been shown to produce greater levels of neutrophil chemoattractants [IL-8, a human homolog for CXCL1 (KC), CXCL2 (MIP2), and CXCL5 (LIX)] indicating that TTP in lung alveolar epithelial cells may play an important role in regulating ALI (50). Here, CALCA is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.