Vaccination with exosomes from granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–expressing murine embryonic stem cells could prevent the growth of implanted LLC lung adenocarcinoma, B16-F10 melanoma, MC-38 colon adenocarcinoma, and 4T1 mammary carcinoma but not E0771 medullary breast adenocarcinoma in allogeneic mice (31). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and melanoma.