TAMs are macrophages within the tumor microenvironment, often express M2 macrophage markers, such as cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) or CD206, and secrete VEGF, MMPs, and immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10 and TGFβ, all of which dampen effective anti-tumor immune responses and promote tumor progression and metastasis (104). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.