These include: IRF7, IFNA, IFNB, STAT1, TLR3, PI3K3CD, FADD, NFKBIA, IKKE, and IFNAR2 in the TLR signaling pathway; IRF7, IFNB, IFNA, RIG-I, MDA5, MITA, TREM25, LGP2, FADD, and NFKBIA in the RLR signaling pathway; IRF7, GBP-1, IFNB, IFNA, GBP-2, STAT1, MITA, RIPK2, TRAF5, and P2RX7 in the NLR signaling pathway; STAT1, CX3CL, ADCY8, CCL19, PI3K3C, RAC2, FAK2, DOCK2, IL-8, and PRKCB in the chemokine signaling pathway; and IRF7, IFNB, IFNA, RIG-I, IRF1, MDA5, STAT1, TLR3, PIK3CA, and NFKBIA in the hepatitis pathway (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene ADCY8 and hepatitis A virus infection.