PTEN and neoplasm: Of note, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) acts as an inhibitor of PI3K pathway (45); RAS association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) (46) and RASAL (RAS protein activator like-1) (47) are both involved in RAS signaling, cell cycle regulation, and mitotic progression; TIMP3 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3), is an inhibitor of metastasis, angiogenesis, and invasion; and others are known as tumor suppressors as the death associated protein kinase (DAPK) and the retinoic acid receptor beta2 (RARβ2) (44).