Critically, in support of this thesis, specific FGFR4 blocking antibodies have been demonstrated to attenuate left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, emphasizing that FGFR4 activation is a critical patho-mechanistic feature underlying LVH in states of α-Klotho deficiency and elevated levels of FGF23 excess (41). This evidence concerns the gene FGFR4 and left ventricular hypertrophy.