TNF and cancer: Examination of cachectic cancer patients and preclinical models of cachexia has identified interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), TNF-like inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), TNF receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), interferon gamma (INF-γ), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as mediators of cancer-induced muscle wasting (White et al., 2013; Hetzler et al., 2015; Zimmers et al., 2016; Yakovenko et al., 2018; Argilés et al., 2019).