In addition, L1-10 treatment downregulated endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was also observed in other CLD models including CCl4 treatment and bile duct ligation (Lefere et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1.