To evaluate the effect of Smad3 targeting of miR-16-5p on the growth and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma, the vector expressing the mutated 3′-UTR of Smad3 was transfected into MG63 and HOS cells along with miR-16-5p mimic or inhibitor (Figure 5A). Here, SMAD3 is linked to osteosarcoma.