Concerning Alzheimer diseases (AD), the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse, carrying mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS1), fed with blueberry extract from 4 months of age showed no deficits in Y-maze performance (at 12 months of age) with no difference in Aβ plaques compared to nontransgenic mice (Joseph et al., 2003). The gene discussed is APP; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.