TNF and epilepsy: Evidence for the P2X7 receptor regulating inflammatory signaling during seizures and epilepsy stems from data showing that blocking of the P2X7 receptor during status epilepticus leads to a decrease in the release of the proconvulsant cytokines IL-1β and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and a reduction in Nf-κB-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus (Kim et al., 2011; Engel et al., 2012; Huang et al., 2017).