Aggregation or misfolding of autoantigens expressed in the brain, such as Aβ (Finder and Glockshuber, 2007), α-synuclein (Paleologou et al., 2005), tau (Honson and Kuret, 2008), and transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) (Cook et al., 2008; Guo et al., 2011; Herman et al., 2011; Jiang et al., 2016), could render susceptibility to adaptive T cell responses and are associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), AD, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.