GAST and irritable bowel syndrome: For example, in contrast to the over secretion of gastrin linked to TA, TAAR1 activation by a selective small molecule agonist was associated with elevated plasma levels of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) [186], which may be protective, as decreased levels of secreted PYY and GLP-1 from L-cells are implicated in IBS pathogenesis and symptomology [70, 167].