CD8A and malaria: Majority of the circulating CD8+ T memory cells in mouse studies are TEM but a small proportion of TCM has also been observed.150,162 A large population of TEM cells is required for effective and longterm protection.150,163 Whilst TEM rapidly induce effector functions, TCM has been shown to respond to malaria challenge with delay and short-lived IFN-γ responses.145,162 TRM, on the other hand, are the non-circulating phenotype.